Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials commonly used in sanitary pads.

## Core Absorbent Material

The core of a sanitary pad is designed to absorb and retain menstrual fluid. The primary materials used in this layer include:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with other materials to enhance performance.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: A synthetic material that can absorb many times its weight in liquid. SAP is highly effective in locking away moisture, keeping the surface dry.

## Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, non-irritating, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene, nonwoven fabrics are soft, breathable, and allow for rapid liquid transfer.
– **Perforated Film**: A thin, flexible film with tiny holes that facilitate quick absorption while maintaining a dry surface.

## Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer that prevents leakage. It must be waterproof yet breathable. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A lightweight, waterproof material that provides an effective barrier against leaks.
– **Microporous Film**: Offers breathability while maintaining waterproof properties, enhancing comfort.

## Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the pad in place. They must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle on the skin. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: A thermoplastic adhesive that provides strong bonding and flexibility.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: Designed to stick firmly to underwear without leaving residue.

## Additional Components

Other materials may be included to enhance the pad’s performance and comfort:

– **Fragrance**: Added to some pads to provide a pleasant scent, though it may cause irritation for sensitive skin.
– **Wings**: Extra flaps that fold over the sides of underwear for added security and leak protection.

## Properties of Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure they perform effectively:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain liquid is crucial for comfort and hygiene.
– **Softness**: Materials must be gentle on the skin to prevent irritation and discomfort.
– **Breathability**: Allows air circulation, reducing the risk of skin irritation and odor.
– **Flexibility**: Ensures the pad conforms to the body’s shape for a secure fit.
– **Biodegradability**: Increasingly important for environmental sustainability, though not all materials are biodegradable.

Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad raw materials helps in making informed choices about the products we use. By selecting pads made from high-quality, safe materials, women can ensure better comfort, protection, and overall well-being.